Olvasmányos gyakorlat 22.

« Vissza az Olvasmányos gyakorlatokhoz


▶ B2 nyelvvizsga / emelt szintű érettségi

▶ Szövegértési feladat

Válaszold meg, hogy a szöveggel kapcsolatos állítások igazak-e!
(T = igaz; F = hamis; N = nincs a szövegben)

Why do we hiccup?

Charles Osborne began to hiccup in 1922 after a hog fell on top of him. He wasn't cured until 68 years later and is now listed by Guinness as the world record holder for hiccup longevity. Meanwhile, Florida teen Jennifer Mee may hold the record for the most frequent hiccups, 50 times per minute for more than four weeks in 2007.

So what causes hiccups? Doctors point out that a round of hiccups often follows from stimuli that stretch the stomach, like swallowing air or too rapid eating or drinking. Others associate hiccups with intense emotions or a response to them: laughing, sobbing, anxiety, and excitement.

To date, there is no known function for hiccups. They don't seem to provide any medical or physiological advantage. Why begin to inhale air only to suddenly stop it from actually entering the lungs?

One idea is that hiccups began many millions of years before the appearance of humans. The lung is thought to have evolved as a structure to allow early fish, many of which lived in warm, stagnant water with little oxygen, to take advantage of the abundant oxygen in the air overhead.

When descendants of these animals later moved onto land, they moved from gill-based ventilation to air-breathing with lungs. That's similar to the much more rapid changes faced by frogs today as they transition from tadpoles with gills to adults with lungs.

Another group of scientists believe that the reflex is retained in us today because it actually provides an important advantage. They point out that true hiccups are found only in mammals and that they're not retained in birds, lizards, turtles, or any other exclusively air-breathing animals.

Further, hiccups appear in human babies long before birth and are far more common in infants than adults. Their explanation for this involves the uniquely mammalian activity of nursing. The ancient hiccup reflex may have been adapted by mammals to help remove air from the stomach as a sort of glorified burp.



read out loud by TTSFree

forrás: ted.com
1) Charles Osborne was cured at the age of 68.
2) Jennifer Mee had the hiccups for over 28 days.
3) Hiccups are associated with fear.
4) The real function of hiccups is unknown.
5) There is one main theory for what causes hiccups.
6) Scientists suspect that the lung evolved from the kidney.
7) Frogs have inhabited the earth for hundreds of thousands of years.
8) You can only find true hiccups in mammals.
9) Babies hiccup almost 3 times as much as adults.
10) The hiccup helps to remove air from the stomach.